1#@!#!123s

��JFIF�� 1#@!#!123s
: / opt / alt / ruby34 / share / ri / system / optparse /
Filename : page-tutorial_rdoc.ri
back
U:RDoc::TopLevel[	i�I"optparse/tutorial.rdoc:ETcRDoc::Parser::Simpleo:RDoc::Markup::Document:@parts[|S:RDoc::Markup::Heading:
leveli:	textI"
Tutorial;To:RDoc::Markup::BlankLine�S;	;
i;I"Why +OptionParser+?;T@
o:RDoc::Markup::Paragraph;[I"JWhen a Ruby program executes, it captures its command-line arguments ;TI"%and options into variable ARGV. ;TI"0This simple program just prints its +ARGV+:;T@
o:RDoc::Markup::Verbatim;[I"p ARGV
;T:@format0o;
;[I"+Execution, with arguments and options:;T@
o;;[I",$ ruby argv.rb foo --bar --baz bat bam
;TI"-["foo", "--bar", "--baz", "bat", "bam"]
;T;0o;
;[I"CThe executing program is responsible for parsing and handling ;TI"the command-line options.;T@
o;
;[I"HOptionParser offers methods for parsing and handling those options.;T@
o;
;[I"IWith +OptionParser+, you can define options so that for each option:;T@
o:RDoc::Markup::List:
@type:BULLET:@items[
o:RDoc::Markup::ListItem:@label0;[o;
;[I"HThe code that defines the option and code that handles that option ;TI"are in the same place.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"SThe option may take no argument, a required argument, or an optional argument.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"FThe argument may be automatically converted to a specified class.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"9The argument may be restricted to specified _forms_.;To;;0;[o;
;[I":The argument may be restricted to specified _values_.;T@
o;
;[I"WThe class also has method #help, which displays automatically-generated help text.;T@
S;	;
i;I"
Contents;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"*{To Begin With}[#label-To+Begin+With];To;;0;[o;
;[I"0{Defining Options}[#label-Defining+Options];To;;0;[o;
;[I"({Option Names}[#label-Option+Names];To;;;;[	o;;0;[o;
;[I"4{Short Option Names}[#label-Short+Option+Names];To;;0;[o;
;[I"2{Long Option Names}[#label-Long+Option+Names];To;;0;[o;
;[I"6{Mixing Option Names}[#label-Mixing+Option+Names];To;;0;[o;
;[I"B{Option Name Abbreviations}[#label-Option+Name+Abbreviations];To;;0;[o;
;[I"0{Option Arguments}[#label-Option+Arguments];To;;;;[	o;;0;[o;
;[I">{Option with No Argument}[#label-Option+with+No+Argument];To;;0;[o;
;[I"J{Option with Required Argument}[#label-Option+with+Required+Argument];To;;0;[o;
;[I"J{Option with Optional Argument}[#label-Option+with+Optional+Argument];To;;0;[o;
;[I"<{Argument Abbreviations}[#label-Argument+Abbreviations];To;;0;[o;
;[I".{Argument Values}[#label-Argument+Values];To;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"@{Explicit Argument Values}[#label-Explicit+Argument+Values];To;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"@{Explicit Values in Array}[#label-Explicit+Values+in+Array];To;;0;[o;
;[I">{Explicit Values in Hash}[#label-Explicit+Values+in+Hash];To;;0;[o;
;[I">{Argument Value Patterns}[#label-Argument+Value+Patterns];To;;0;[o;
;[I":{Keyword Argument into}[#label-Keyword+Argument+into];To;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"4{Collecting Options}[#label-Collecting+Options];To;;0;[o;
;[I"H{Checking for Missing Options}[#label-Checking+for+Missing+Options];To;;0;[o;
;[I"D{Default Values for Options}[#label-Default+Values+for+Options];To;;0;[o;
;[I"6{Argument Converters}[#label-Argument+Converters];To;;0;[o;
;[I"{Help}[#label-Help];To;;0;[o;
;[I"<{Top List and Base List}[#label-Top+List+and+Base+List];To;;0;[o;
;[I"H{Methods for Defining Options}[#label-Methods+for+Defining+Options];To;;0;[o;
;[I"{Parsing}[#label-Parsing];To;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I",{Method parse!}[#label-Method+parse-21];To;;0;[o;
;[I"({Method parse}[#label-Method+parse];To;;0;[o;
;[I",{Method order!}[#label-Method+order-21];To;;0;[o;
;[I"({Method order}[#label-Method+order];To;;0;[o;
;[I"0{Method permute!}[#label-Method+permute-21];To;;0;[o;
;[I",{Method permute}[#label-Method+permute];T@
S;	;
i;I"To Begin With;T@
o;
;[I"To use +OptionParser+:;T@
o;;:NUMBER;[	o;;0;[o;
;[I"%Require the +OptionParser+ code.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"%Create an +OptionParser+ object.;To;;0;[o;
;[I" Define one or more options.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Parse the command line.;T@
o;
;[I"9File +basic.rb+ defines three options, <tt>-x</tt>, ;TI"C<tt>-y</tt>, and <tt>-z</tt>, each with a descriptive string, ;TI"and each with a block.;T@
o;;[I"&# Require the OptionParser code.
;TI"require 'optparse'
;TI"&# Create an OptionParser object.
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"## Define one or more options.
;TI"0parser.on('-x', 'Whether to X') do |value|
;TI"  p ['x', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"0parser.on('-y', 'Whether to Y') do |value|
;TI"  p ['y', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"0parser.on('-z', 'Whether to Z') do |value|
;TI"  p ['z', value]
;TI"	end
;TI":# Parse the command line and return pared-down ARGV.
;TI"p parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"KFrom these defined options, the parser automatically builds help text:;T@
o;;[
I"$ ruby basic.rb --help
;TI"Usage: basic [options]
;TI"7    -x                               Whether to X
;TI"7    -y                               Whether to Y
;TI"7    -z                               Whether to Z
;T;0o;
;[I"-When an option is found during parsing, ;TI"Ithe block defined for the option is called with the argument value. ;TI"+An invalid option raises an exception.;T@
o;
;[	I"@Method #parse!, which is used most often in this tutorial, ;TI"=removes from +ARGV+ the options and arguments it finds, ;TI"Nleaving other non-option arguments for the program to handle on its own. ;TI":The method returns the possibly-reduced +ARGV+ array.;T@
o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"$ ruby basic.rb -x -z
;TI"["x", true]
;TI"["z", true]
;TI"[]
;TI"$ ruby basic.rb -z -y -x
;TI"["z", true]
;TI"["y", true]
;TI"["x", true]
;TI"[]
;TI"7$ ruby basic.rb -x input_file.txt output_file.txt
;TI"["x", true]
;TI"+["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt"]
;TI"$ ruby basic.rb -a
;TI"Obasic.rb:16:in `<main>': invalid option: -a (OptionParser::InvalidOption)
;T;0S;	;
i;I"Defining Options;T@
o;
;[I"8A common way to define an option in +OptionParser+ ;TI"-is with instance method OptionParser#on.;T@
o;
;[I";The method may be called with any number of arguments ;TI"$(whose order does not matter), ;TI"Cand may also have a trailing optional keyword argument +into+.;T@
o;
;[I"JThe given arguments determine the characteristics of the new option. ;TI"These may include:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"$One or more short option names.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"#One or more long option names.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"XWhether the option takes no argument, an optional argument, or a required argument.;To;;0;[o;
;[I")Acceptable _forms_ for the argument.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"*Acceptable _values_ for the argument.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"IA proc or method to be called when the parser encounters the option.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"(String descriptions for the option.;T@
S;	;
i;I"Option Names;T@
o;
;[I";You can give an option one or more names of two types:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"FShort (1-character) name, beginning with one hyphen (<tt>-</tt>).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"KLong (multi-character) name, beginning with two hyphens (<tt>--</tt>).;T@
S;	;
i	;I"Short Option Names;T@
o;
;[I"EA short option name consists of a hyphen and a single character.;T@
o;
;[I"File +short_names.rb+ ;TI"7defines an option with a short name, <tt>-x</tt>, ;TI"Yand an option with two short names (aliases, in effect) <tt>-y</tt> and <tt>-z</tt>.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI".parser.on('-x', 'Short name') do |value|
;TI"  p ['x', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"9parser.on('-1', '-%', 'Two short names') do |value|
;TI"  p ['-1 or -%', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I""$ ruby short_names.rb --help
;TI""Usage: short_names [options]
;TI"5    -x                               Short name
;TI":    -1, -%                           Two short names
;TI"$ ruby short_names.rb -x
;TI"["x", true]
;TI"$ ruby short_names.rb -1
;TI"["-1 or -%", true]
;TI"$ ruby short_names.rb -%
;TI"["-1 or -%", true]
;T;0o;
;[I"/Multiple short names can "share" a hyphen:;T@
o;;[	I" $ ruby short_names.rb -x1%
;TI"["x", true]
;TI"["-1 or -%", true]
;TI"["-1 or -%", true]
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"Long Option Names;T@
o;
;[I"MA long option name consists of two hyphens and a one or more characters ;TI"&(usually two or more characters).;T@
o;
;[I"File +long_names.rb+ ;TI"9defines an option with a long name, <tt>--xxx</tt>, ;TI"^and an option with two long names (aliases, in effect) <tt>--y1%</tt> and <tt>--z2#</tt>.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"0parser.on('--xxx', 'Long name') do |value|
;TI"  p ['-xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI">parser.on('--y1%', '--z2#', "Two long names") do |value|
;TI"#  p ['--y1% or --z2#', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"!$ ruby long_names.rb --help
;TI"!Usage: long_names [options]
;TI"4        --xxx                        Long name
;TI"9        --y1%, --z2#                 Two long names
;TI" $ ruby long_names.rb --xxx
;TI"["-xxx", true]
;TI" $ ruby long_names.rb --y1%
;TI"["--y1% or --z2#", true]
;TI" $ ruby long_names.rb --z2#
;TI"["--y1% or --z2#", true]
;T;0o;
;[I"GA long name may be defined with both positive and negative senses.;T@
o;
;[I"IFile +long_with_negation.rb+ defines an option that has both senses.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Fparser.on('--[no-]binary', 'Long name with negation') do |value|
;TI"  p [value, value.class]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I")$ ruby long_with_negation.rb --help
;TI")Usage: long_with_negation [options]
;TI"B        --[no-]binary                Long name with negation
;TI"+$ ruby long_with_negation.rb --binary
;TI"[true, TrueClass]
;TI".$ ruby long_with_negation.rb --no-binary
;TI"[false, FalseClass]
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"Mixing Option Names;T@
o;
;[I">Many developers like to mix short and long option names, ;TI"Fso that a short name is in effect an abbreviation of a long name.;T@
o;
;[I"File +mixed_names.rb+ ;TI"Adefines options that each have both a short and a long name.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Hparser.on('-x', '--xxx', 'Short and long, no argument') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"Qparser.on('-yYYY', '--yyy', 'Short and long, required argument') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--yyy', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"Tparser.on('-z [ZZZ]', '--zzz', 'Short and long, optional argument') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--zzz', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I""$ ruby mixed_names.rb --help
;TI""Usage: mixed_names [options]
;TI"F    -x, --xxx                        Short and long, no argument
;TI"L    -y, --yyyYYY                     Short and long, required argument
;TI"L    -z, --zzz [ZZZ]                  Short and long, optional argument
;TI"$ ruby mixed_names.rb -x
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"!$ ruby mixed_names.rb --xxx
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"$ ruby mixed_names.rb -y
;TI"Ymixed_names.rb:12:in `<main>': missing argument: -y (OptionParser::MissingArgument)
;TI""$ ruby mixed_names.rb -y FOO
;TI"["--yyy", "FOO"]
;TI"!$ ruby mixed_names.rb --yyy
;TI"\mixed_names.rb:12:in `<main>': missing argument: --yyy (OptionParser::MissingArgument)
;TI"%$ ruby mixed_names.rb --yyy BAR
;TI"["--yyy", "BAR"]
;TI"$ ruby mixed_names.rb -z
;TI"["--zzz", nil]
;TI""$ ruby mixed_names.rb -z BAZ
;TI"["--zzz", "BAZ"]
;TI"!$ ruby mixed_names.rb --zzz
;TI"["--zzz", nil]
;TI"%$ ruby mixed_names.rb --zzz BAT
;TI"["--zzz", "BAT"]
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"Option Name Abbreviations;T@
o;
;[I"KBy default, abbreviated option names on the command-line are allowed. ;TI"QAn abbreviated name is valid if it is unique among abbreviated option names.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI".parser.on('-n', '--dry-run',) do |value|
;TI"  p ['--dry-run', value]
;TI"	end
;TI",parser.on('-d', '--draft',) do |value|
;TI"  p ['--draft', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I""$ ruby name_abbrev.rb --help
;TI""Usage: name_abbrev [options]
;TI"    -n, --dry-run
;TI"    -d, --draft
;TI"$ ruby name_abbrev.rb -n
;TI"["--dry-run", true]
;TI"%$ ruby name_abbrev.rb --dry-run
;TI"["--dry-run", true]
;TI"$ ruby name_abbrev.rb -d
;TI"["--draft", true]
;TI"#$ ruby name_abbrev.rb --draft
;TI"["--draft", true]
;TI"$ ruby name_abbrev.rb --d
;TI"Yname_abbrev.rb:9:in `<main>': ambiguous option: --d (OptionParser::AmbiguousOption)
;TI" $ ruby name_abbrev.rb --dr
;TI"Zname_abbrev.rb:9:in `<main>': ambiguous option: --dr (OptionParser::AmbiguousOption)
;TI"!$ ruby name_abbrev.rb --dry
;TI"["--dry-run", true]
;TI"!$ ruby name_abbrev.rb --dra
;TI"["--draft", true]
;T;0o;
;[I"?You can disable abbreviation using method +require_exact+.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI".parser.on('-n', '--dry-run',) do |value|
;TI"  p ['--dry-run', value]
;TI"	end
;TI",parser.on('-d', '--draft',) do |value|
;TI"  p ['--draft', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"!parser.require_exact = true
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[	I"($ ruby no_abbreviation.rb --dry-ru
;TI"_no_abbreviation.rb:10:in `<main>': invalid option: --dry-ru (OptionParser::InvalidOption)
;TI")$ ruby no_abbreviation.rb --dry-run
;TI"["--dry-run", true]
;T;0S;	;
i;I"Option Arguments;T@
o;
;[I"RAn option may take no argument, a required argument, or an optional argument.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"Option with No Argument;T@
o;
;[I"<All the examples above define options with no argument.;T@
S;	;
i	;I""Option with Required Argument;T@
o;
;[I"FSpecify a required argument for an option by adding a dummy word ;TI"to its name definition.;T@
o;
;[I"6File +required_argument.rb+ defines two options; ;TI"Yeach has a required argument because the name definition has a following dummy word.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Qparser.on('-x XXX', '--xxx', 'Required argument via short name') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"Nparser.on('-y', '--y YYY', 'Required argument via long name') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--yyy', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"<When an option is found, the given argument is yielded.;T@
o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[
I"($ ruby required_argument.rb --help
;TI"(Usage: required_argument [options]
;TI"K    -x, --xxx XXX                    Required argument via short name
;TI"J    -y, --y YYY                      Required argument via long name
;TI"($ ruby required_argument.rb -x AAA
;TI"["--xxx", "AAA"]
;TI"($ ruby required_argument.rb -y BBB
;TI"["--yyy", "BBB"]
;T;0o;
;[I"2Omitting a required argument raises an error:;T@
o;;[I"$$ ruby required_argument.rb -x
;TI"^required_argument.rb:9:in `<main>': missing argument: -x (OptionParser::MissingArgument)
;T;0S;	;
i	;I""Option with Optional Argument;T@
o;
;[I"GSpecify an optional argument for an option by adding a dummy word ;TI"8enclosed in square brackets to its name definition.;T@
o;
;[I"6File +optional_argument.rb+ defines two options; ;TI"Zeach has an optional argument because the name definition has a following dummy word ;TI"in square brackets.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Tparser.on('-x [XXX]', '--xxx', 'Optional argument via short  name') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"Rparser.on('-y', '--yyy [YYY]', 'Optional argument via long name') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--yyy', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"JWhen an option with an argument is found, the given argument yielded.;T@
o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[
I"($ ruby optional_argument.rb --help
;TI"(Usage: optional_argument [options]
;TI"L    -x, --xxx [XXX]                  Optional argument via short  name
;TI"J    -y, --yyy [YYY]                  Optional argument via long name
;TI"($ ruby optional_argument.rb -x AAA
;TI"["--xxx", "AAA"]
;TI"($ ruby optional_argument.rb -y BBB
;TI"["--yyy", "BBB"]
;T;0o;
;[I";Omitting an optional argument does not raise an error.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"Argument Abbreviations;T@
o;
;[I"4Specify an argument list as an Array or a Hash.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Vparser.on('-x', '--xxx=VALUE', %w[ABC def], 'Argument abbreviations') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"eparser.on('-y', '--yyy=VALUE', {"abc"=>"XYZ", def: "FOO"}, 'Argument abbreviations') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--yyy', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"DWhen an argument is abbreviated, the expanded argument yielded.;T@
o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I",$ ruby argument_abbreviation.rb --help
;TI",Usage: argument_abbreviation [options]
;TI",Usage: argument_abbreviation [options]
;TI"A    -x, --xxx=VALUE                  Argument abbreviations
;TI"A    -y, --yyy=VALUE                  Argument abbreviations
;TI"-$ ruby argument_abbreviation.rb --xxx A
;TI"["--xxx", "ABC"]
;TI"-$ ruby argument_abbreviation.rb --xxx c
;TI"gargument_abbreviation.rb:9:in `<main>': invalid argument: --xxx c (OptionParser::InvalidArgument)
;TI"5$ ruby argument_abbreviation.rb --yyy a --yyy d
;TI"["--yyy", "XYZ"]
;TI"["--yyy", "FOO"]
;T;0S;	;
i;I"Argument Values;T@
o;
;[I"3Permissible argument values may be restricted ;TI"*either by specifying explicit values ;TI"?or by providing a pattern that the given value must match.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"Explicit Argument Values;T@
o;
;[I";You can specify argument values in either of two ways:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"(Specify values an array of strings.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Specify values a hash.;T@
S;	;
i
;I"Explicit Values in Array;T@
o;
;[I"FYou can specify explicit argument values in an array of strings. ;TI"UThe argument value must be one of those strings, or an unambiguous abbreviation.;T@
o;
;[I"SFile +explicit_array_values.rb+ defines options with explicit argument values.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Tparser.on('-xXXX', ['foo', 'bar'], 'Values for required argument' ) do |value|
;TI"  p ['-x', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"Vparser.on('-y [YYY]', ['baz', 'bat'], 'Values for optional argument') do |value|
;TI"  p ['-y', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I",$ ruby explicit_array_values.rb --help
;TI",Usage: explicit_array_values [options]
;TI"G    -xXXX                            Values for required argument
;TI"G    -y [YYY]                         Values for optional argument
;TI"($ ruby explicit_array_values.rb -x
;TI"bexplicit_array_values.rb:9:in `<main>': missing argument: -x (OptionParser::MissingArgument)
;TI",$ ruby explicit_array_values.rb -x foo
;TI"["-x", "foo"]
;TI"*$ ruby explicit_array_values.rb -x f
;TI"["-x", "foo"]
;TI",$ ruby explicit_array_values.rb -x bar
;TI"["-x", "bar"]
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_array_values.rb -y ba
;TI"iexplicit_array_values.rb:9:in `<main>': ambiguous argument: -y ba (OptionParser::AmbiguousArgument)
;TI",$ ruby explicit_array_values.rb -x baz
;TI"fexplicit_array_values.rb:9:in `<main>': invalid argument: -x baz (OptionParser::InvalidArgument)
;T;0S;	;
i
;I"Explicit Values in Hash;T@
o;
;[I"JYou can specify explicit argument values in a hash with string keys. ;TI"QThe value passed must be one of those keys, or an unambiguous abbreviation; ;TI"6the value yielded will be the value for that key.;T@
o;
;[I"RFile +explicit_hash_values.rb+ defines options with explicit argument values.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Vparser.on('-xXXX', {foo: 0, bar: 1}, 'Values for required argument' ) do |value|
;TI"  p ['-x', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"Xparser.on('-y [YYY]', {baz: 2, bat: 3}, 'Values for optional argument') do |value|
;TI"  p ['-y', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb --help
;TI"+Usage: explicit_hash_values [options]
;TI"G    -xXXX                            Values for required argument
;TI"G    -y [YYY]                         Values for optional argument
;TI"'$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -x
;TI"aexplicit_hash_values.rb:9:in `<main>': missing argument: -x (OptionParser::MissingArgument)
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -x foo
;TI"["-x", 0]
;TI")$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -x f
;TI"["-x", 0]
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -x bar
;TI"["-x", 1]
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -x baz
;TI"eexplicit_hash_values.rb:9:in `<main>': invalid argument: -x baz (OptionParser::InvalidArgument)
;TI"'$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -y
;TI"["-y", nil]
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -y baz
;TI"["-y", 2]
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -y bat
;TI"["-y", 3]
;TI"*$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -y ba
;TI"hexplicit_hash_values.rb:9:in `<main>': ambiguous argument: -y ba (OptionParser::AmbiguousArgument)
;TI"+$ ruby explicit_hash_values.rb -y bam
;TI"["-y", nil]
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"Argument Value Patterns;T@
o;
;[I"2You can restrict permissible argument values ;TI"?by specifying a Regexp that the given argument must match.;T@
o;
;[I"KFile +matched_values.rb+ defines options with matched argument values.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"Aparser.on('--xxx XXX', /foo/i, 'Matched values') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"%$ ruby matched_values.rb --help
;TI"%Usage: matched_values [options]
;TI"9        --xxx XXX                    Matched values
;TI"($ ruby matched_values.rb --xxx foo
;TI"["--xxx", "foo"]
;TI"($ ruby matched_values.rb --xxx FOO
;TI"["--xxx", "FOO"]
;TI"($ ruby matched_values.rb --xxx bar
;TI"bmatched_values.rb:6:in `<main>': invalid argument: --xxx bar (OptionParser::InvalidArgument)
;T;0S;	;
i;I"Keyword Argument +into+;T@
o;
;[I"VIn parsing options, you can add keyword option +into+ with a hash-like argument; ;TI";each parsed option will be added as a name/value pair.;T@
o;
;[I"This is useful for:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"Collecting options.;To;;0;[o;
;[I""Checking for missing options.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"*Providing default values for options.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"Collecting Options;T@
o;
;[I"4Use keyword argument +into+ to collect options.;T@
o;;[
I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"=parser.on('-x', '--xxx', 'Short and long, no argument')
;TI"Fparser.on('-yYYY', '--yyy', 'Short and long, required argument')
;TI"Iparser.on('-z [ZZZ]', '--zzz', 'Short and long, optional argument')
;TI"options = {}
;TI""parser.parse!(into: options)
;TI"p options
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"($ ruby collected_options.rb --help
;TI"Usage: into [options]
;TI"F    -x, --xxx                        Short and long, no argument
;TI"L    -y, --yyyYYY                     Short and long, required argument
;TI"L    -z, --zzz [ZZZ]                  Short and long, optional argument
;TI"'$ ruby collected_options.rb --xxx
;TI"{:xxx=>true}
;TI"1$ ruby collected_options.rb --xxx --yyy FOO
;TI"{:xxx=>true, :yyy=>"FOO"}
;TI";$ ruby collected_options.rb --xxx --yyy FOO --zzz Bar
;TI",{:xxx=>true, :yyy=>"FOO", :zzz=>"Bar"}
;TI";$ ruby collected_options.rb --xxx --yyy FOO --yyy BAR
;TI"{:xxx=>true, :yyy=>"BAR"}
;T;0o;
;[I"RNote in the last execution that the argument value for option <tt>--yyy</tt> ;TI"was overwritten.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"!Checking for Missing Options;T@
o;
;[I"<Use the collected options to check for missing options.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"=parser.on('-x', '--xxx', 'Short and long, no argument')
;TI"Fparser.on('-yYYY', '--yyy', 'Short and long, required argument')
;TI"Iparser.on('-z [ZZZ]', '--zzz', 'Short and long, optional argument')
;TI"options = {}
;TI""parser.parse!(into: options)
;TI"%required_options = [:xxx, :zzz]
;TI"7missing_options = required_options - options.keys
;TI"#unless missing_options.empty?
;TI";  fail "Missing required options: #{missing_options}"
;TI"	end
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"&$ ruby missing_options.rb --help
;TI"&Usage: missing_options [options]
;TI"F    -x, --xxx                        Short and long, no argument
;TI"L    -y, --yyyYYY                     Short and long, required argument
;TI"L    -z, --zzz [ZZZ]                  Short and long, optional argument
;TI")$ ruby missing_options.rb --yyy FOO
;TI"^missing_options.rb:11:in `<main>': Missing required options: [:xxx, :zzz] (RuntimeError)
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"Default Values for Options;T@
o;
;[I"IInitialize the +into+ argument to define default values for options.;T@
o;;[
I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"=parser.on('-x', '--xxx', 'Short and long, no argument')
;TI"Fparser.on('-yYYY', '--yyy', 'Short and long, required argument')
;TI"Iparser.on('-z [ZZZ]', '--zzz', 'Short and long, optional argument')
;TI"(options = {yyy: 'AAA', zzz: 'BBB'}
;TI""parser.parse!(into: options)
;TI"p options
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"%$ ruby default_values.rb --help
;TI"%Usage: default_values [options]
;TI"F    -x, --xxx                        Short and long, no argument
;TI"L    -y, --yyyYYY                     Short and long, required argument
;TI"L    -z, --zzz [ZZZ]                  Short and long, optional argument
;TI"($ ruby default_values.rb --yyy FOO
;TI" {:yyy=>"FOO", :zzz=>"BBB"}
;T;0S;	;
i;I"Argument Converters;T@
o;
;[I"@An option can specify that its argument is to be converted ;TI"@from the default +String+ to an instance of another class. ;TI"/There are a number of built-in converters.;T@
o;
;[I"Example: File +date.rb+ ;TI"Mdefines an option whose argument is to be converted to a +Date+ object. ;TI"4The argument is converted by method Date#parse.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse/date'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"/parser.on('--date=DATE', Date) do |value|
;TI"  p [value, value.class]
;TI"	end
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Executions:;T@
o;;[I"&$ ruby date.rb --date 2001-02-03
;TI"A[#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>, Date]
;TI"$$ ruby date.rb --date 20010203
;TI"A[#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>, Date]
;TI"*$ ruby date.rb --date "3rd Feb 2001"
;TI"A[#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>, Date]
;T;0o;
;[I",You can also define custom converters. ;TI";See {Argument Converters}[./argument_converters.rdoc] ;TI"-for both built-in and custom converters.;T@
S;	;
i;I"	Help;T@
o;
;[I"F+OptionParser+ makes automatically generated help text available.;T@
o;
;[I"The help text consists of:;T@
o;;;;[	o;;0;[o;
;[I"!A banner, showing the usage.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"!Option short and long names.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"!Option dummy argument names.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Option descriptions.;T@
o;
;[I"Example code:;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"parser.on(
;TI"  '-x', '--xxx',
;TI"7  'Adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget.',
;TI"5  'Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus',
;TI"	  )
;TI"parser.on(
;TI"  '-y', '--yyy YYY',
;TI"3  'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer.'
;TI")
;TI"parser.on(
;TI"  '-z', '--zzz [ZZZ]',
;TI"4  'Et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur',
;TI"5  'ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies',
;TI"3  'nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem.',
;TI"	  )
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"NThe option names and dummy argument names are defined as described above.;T@
o;
;[I"ZThe option description consists of the strings that are not themselves option names; ;TI":An option can have more than one description string. ;TI"Execution:;T@
o;;[I"Usage: help [options]
;TI"W    -x, --xxx                        Adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget.
;TI"U                                     Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus
;TI"T    -y, --yyy YYY                    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer.
;TI"T    -z, --zzz [ZZZ]                  Et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur
;TI"U                                     ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies
;TI"S                                     nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem.
;T;0o;
;[I"9The program name is included in the default banner: ;TI"0<tt>Usage: #{program_name} [options]</tt>; ;TI"%you can change the program name.;T@
o;;[	I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"2parser.program_name = 'help_program_name.rb'
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Execution:;T@
o;;[I"($ ruby help_program_name.rb --help
;TI"+Usage: help_program_name.rb [options]
;T;0o;
;[I"+You can also change the entire banner.;T@
o;;[	I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"2parser.banner = "Usage: ruby help_banner.rb"
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Execution:;T@
o;;[I""$ ruby help_banner.rb --help
;TI" Usage: ruby help_banner.rb
;T;0o;
;[I"8By default, the option names are indented 4 spaces ;TI":and the width of the option-names field is 32 spaces.;T@
o;
;[I"9You can change these values, along with the banner, ;TI"/by passing parameters to OptionParser.new.;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI" parser = OptionParser.new(
;TI"1  'ruby help_format.rb [options]', # Banner
;TI"B  20,                               # Width of options field
;TI";  ' ' * 2                               # Indentation
;TI")
;TI"parser.on(
;TI"  '-x', '--xxx',
;TI"7  'Adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget.',
;TI"5  'Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus',
;TI"	  )
;TI"parser.on(
;TI"  '-y', '--yyy YYY',
;TI"3  'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer.'
;TI")
;TI"parser.on(
;TI"  '-z', '--zzz [ZZZ]',
;TI"4  'Et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur',
;TI"5  'ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies',
;TI"3  'nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem.',
;TI"	  )
;TI"parser.parse!
;T;0o;
;[I"Execution:;T@
o;;[
I""$ ruby help_format.rb --help
;TI"#ruby help_format.rb [options]
;TI"I  -x, --xxx            Adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget.
;TI"G                       Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus
;TI"F  -y, --yyy YYY        Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer.
;TI"F  -z, --zzz [ZZZ]      Et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur
;TI"G                       ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies
;TI"E                       nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem.
;T;0S;	;
i;I"Top List and Base List;T@
o;
;[I"OAn +OptionParser+ object maintains a stack of OptionParser::List objects, ;TI"=each of which has a collection of zero or more options. ;TI"IIt is unlikely that you'll need to add or take away from that stack.;T@
o;
;[I"The stack includes:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"6The <em>top list</em>, given by OptionParser#top.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"8The <em>base list</em>, given by OptionParser#base.;T@
o;
;[I"KWhen +OptionParser+ builds its help text, the options in the top list ;TI"$precede those in the base list.;T@
S;	;
i;I"!Methods for Defining Options;T@
o;
;[I"WOption-defining methods allow you to create an option, and also append/prepend it ;TI"3to the top list or append it to the base list.;T@
o;
;[I"]Each of these next three methods accepts a sequence of parameter arguments and a block, ;TI"Qcreates an option object using method OptionParser#make_switch (see below), ;TI"$and returns the created option:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"L\Method OptionParser#define appends the created option to the top list.;T@
o;;0;[o;
;[I"R\Method OptionParser#define_head prepends the created option to the top list.;T@
o;;0;[o;
;[I"R\Method OptionParser#define_tail appends the created option to the base list.;T@
o;
;[I"@These next three methods are identical to the three above, ;TI"$except for their return values:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"I\Method OptionParser#on is identical to method OptionParser#define, ;TI"5except that it returns the parser object +self+.;T@
o;;0;[o;
;[I"S\Method OptionParser#on_head is identical to method OptionParser#define_head, ;TI"5except that it returns the parser object +self+.;T@
o;;0;[o;
;[I"S\Method OptionParser#on_tail is identical to method OptionParser#define_tail, ;TI"5except that it returns the parser object +self+.;T@
o;
;[I"4Though you may never need to call it directly, ;TI"3here's the core method for defining an option:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"R\Method OptionParser#make_switch accepts an array of parameters and a block. ;TI"DSee {Parameters for New Options}[optparse/option_params.rdoc]. ;TI"2This method is unlike others here in that it:;To;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I".Accepts an <em>array of parameters</em>; ;TI">others accept a <em>sequence of parameter arguments</em>.;To;;0;[o;
;[	I"<Returns an array containing the created option object, ;TI"%option names, and other values; ;TI"4others return either the created option object ;TI"!or the parser object +self+.;T@
S;	;
i;I"Parsing;T@
o;
;[I"9+OptionParser+ has six instance methods for parsing.;T@
o;
;[I"8Three have names ending with a "bang" (<tt>!</tt>):;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"parse!;To;;0;[o;
;[I"order!;To;;0;[o;
;[I"
permute!;T@
o;
;[I"Each of these methods:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I";Accepts an optional array of string arguments +argv+; ;TI"Nif not given, +argv+ defaults to the value of OptionParser#default_argv, ;TI"!whose initial value is ARGV.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"1Accepts an optional keyword argument +into+ ;TI"A(see {Keyword Argument into}[#label-Keyword+Argument+into]).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"9Returns +argv+, possibly with some elements removed.;T@
o;
;[I"CThe three other methods have names _not_ ending with a "bang":;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"
parse;To;;0;[o;
;[I"
order;To;;0;[o;
;[I"permute;T@
o;
;[I"Each of these methods:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"*Accepts an array of string arguments ;TI"(_or_ zero or more string arguments.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"GAccepts an optional keyword argument +into+ and its value _into_. ;TI"A(see {Keyword Argument into}[#label-Keyword+Argument+into]).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"9Returns +argv+, possibly with some elements removed.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"\Method +parse!+;T@
o;
;[I"\Method +parse!+:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I";Accepts an optional array of string arguments +argv+; ;TI"Nif not given, +argv+ defaults to the value of OptionParser#default_argv, ;TI"!whose initial value is ARGV.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"1Accepts an optional keyword argument +into+ ;TI"A(see {Keyword Argument into}[#label-Keyword+Argument+into]).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"9Returns +argv+, possibly with some elements removed.;T@
o;
;[I"PThe method processes the elements in +argv+ beginning at <tt>argv[0]</tt>, ;TI"(and ending, by default, at the end.;T@
o;
;[I";Otherwise processing ends and the method returns when:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"3The terminator argument <tt>--</tt> is found; ;TI":the terminator argument is removed before the return.;To;;0;[o;
;[
I"7Environment variable +POSIXLY_CORRECT+ is defined ;TI")and a non-option argument is found; ;TI"-the non-option argument is not removed. ;TI"=Note that the _value_ of that variable does not matter, ;TI"&as only its existence is checked.;T@
o;
;[I"File +parse_bang.rb+:;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"#parser.on('--xxx') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"'parser.on('--yyy YYY') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--yyy', value]
;TI"	end
;TI")parser.on('--zzz [ZZZ]') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--zzz', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"ret = parser.parse!
;TI",puts "Returned: #{ret} (#{ret.class})"
;T;0o;
;[I"
Help:;T@
o;;[
I"!$ ruby parse_bang.rb --help
;TI"!Usage: parse_bang [options]
;TI"        --xxx
;TI"        --yyy YYY
;TI"        --zzz [ZZZ]
;T;0o;
;[I"Default behavior:;T@
o;;[
I"S$ ruby parse_bang.rb input_file.txt output_file.txt --xxx --yyy FOO --zzz BAR
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"["--yyy", "FOO"]
;TI"["--zzz", "BAR"]
;TI"=Returned: ["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt"] (Array)
;T;0o;
;[I"-Processing ended by terminator argument:;T@
o;;[	I"V$ ruby parse_bang.rb input_file.txt output_file.txt --xxx --yyy FOO -- --zzz BAR
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"["--yyy", "FOO"]
;TI"MReturned: ["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt", "--zzz", "BAR"] (Array)
;T;0o;
;[I"LProcessing ended by non-option found when +POSIXLY_CORRECT+ is defined:;T@
o;;[I"]$ POSIXLY_CORRECT=true ruby parse_bang.rb --xxx input_file.txt output_file.txt -yyy FOO
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"LReturned: ["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt", "-yyy", "FOO"] (Array)
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"\Method +parse+;T@
o;
;[I"\Method +parse+:;T@
o;;;;[o;;0;[o;
;[I"*Accepts an array of string arguments ;TI"(_or_ zero or more string arguments.;To;;0;[o;
;[I"GAccepts an optional keyword argument +into+ and its value _into_. ;TI"A(see {Keyword Argument into}[#label-Keyword+Argument+into]).;To;;0;[o;
;[I"9Returns +argv+, possibly with some elements removed.;T@
o;
;[I"QIf given an array +ary+, the method forms array +argv+ as <tt>ary.dup</tt>. ;TI"HIf given zero or more string arguments, those arguments are formed ;TI"into array +argv+.;T@
o;
;[I"The method calls;T@
o;;[I"parse!(argv, into: into)
;T;0o;
;[I"6Note that environment variable +POSIXLY_CORRECT+ ;TI"9and the terminator argument <tt>--</tt> are honored.;T@
o;
;[I"File +parse.rb+:;T@
o;;[I"require 'optparse'
;TI"parser = OptionParser.new
;TI"#parser.on('--xxx') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--xxx', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"'parser.on('--yyy YYY') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--yyy', value]
;TI"	end
;TI")parser.on('--zzz [ZZZ]') do |value|
;TI"  p ['--zzz', value]
;TI"	end
;TI"ret = parser.parse(ARGV)
;TI",puts "Returned: #{ret} (#{ret.class})"
;T;0o;
;[I"
Help:;T@
o;;[
I"$ ruby parse.rb --help
;TI"Usage: parse [options]
;TI"        --xxx
;TI"        --yyy YYY
;TI"        --zzz [ZZZ]
;T;0o;
;[I"Default behavior:;T@
o;;[
I"N$ ruby parse.rb input_file.txt output_file.txt --xxx --yyy FOO --zzz BAR
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"["--yyy", "FOO"]
;TI"["--zzz", "BAR"]
;TI"=Returned: ["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt"] (Array)
;T;0o;
;[I"-Processing ended by terminator argument:;T@
o;;[	I"Q$ ruby parse.rb input_file.txt output_file.txt --xxx --yyy FOO -- --zzz BAR
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"["--yyy", "FOO"]
;TI"MReturned: ["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt", "--zzz", "BAR"] (Array)
;T;0o;
;[I"LProcessing ended by non-option found when +POSIXLY_CORRECT+ is defined:;T@
o;;[I"X$ POSIXLY_CORRECT=true ruby parse.rb --xxx input_file.txt output_file.txt -yyy FOO
;TI"["--xxx", true]
;TI"LReturned: ["input_file.txt", "output_file.txt", "-yyy", "FOO"] (Array)
;T;0S;	;
i	;I"\Method +order!+;T@
o;
;[I"ICalling method OptionParser#order! gives exactly the same result as ;TI"Bcalling method OptionParser#parse! with environment variable ;TI"+POSIXLY_CORRECT+ defined.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"\Method +order+;T@
o;
;[I"HCalling method OptionParser#order gives exactly the same result as ;TI"Acalling method OptionParser#parse with environment variable ;TI"+POSIXLY_CORRECT+ defined.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"\Method +permute!+;T@
o;
;[I"KCalling method OptionParser#permute! gives exactly the same result as ;TI"Bcalling method OptionParser#parse! with environment variable ;TI"%+POSIXLY_CORRECT+ _not_ defined.;T@
S;	;
i	;I"\Method +permute+;T@
o;
;[I"JCalling method OptionParser#permute gives exactly the same result as ;TI"Acalling method OptionParser#parse with environment variable ;TI"%+POSIXLY_CORRECT+ _not_ defined.;T:
@file@:0@omit_headings_from_table_of_contents_below0